For the errors, they are in
stdout.txt, in the game's folder. Just check it after launching the game.
(I skipped most, since there is a few pages, and I didn't want to pollute the post.)
I use a "classic" version of the game, but I guess on a steam one, it's available in the steamApps/FTL directory too, or whatever path steam uses.
About the trade system :
I quite agree with the "safe" part, but I really doubt putting scrap & aug slots on hold is worth it. Cheap goods seem particularly terrible to me, since they have lower profit for (roughly) the same cost.
I must say I like the idea of encouraging piracy

, and the idea of goods itself.
I say it needs luck because you can't know what next sectors will be, which means you can never know if the goods you buy will be sellable at a good price. (but random factors are also very "roguelike-ish" :p)
Anyway, I just wanted to give my feedback here, if people like this system, it doesn't bother me much, as long as I don't misclick on one of those "trap" choices

Maybe move all the extra choices after the "just trade" choice, so that it remains the first one everytime ? Bah, it doesn't matter much...
Among the suggestion/requests I would have : MORE Zoltan / slugs / human blue choices, PLEAAAAAASE !
One of the things I really missed in the original game was zoltan events.
Seriously... mantis are insanely useful for boarding, engi are not only very handy, but also "a must" for all those events with a blue engi choice, and rockmen are very useful for that too, but Zoltans ?
Ok, the original game had the buggy zoltan trading hub event, but... it was the only one :/
I'd really love to see more zoltan events, like the ship's shield power-up, this would make those weak idiots more useful and (more important) better integrated in the gameplay.
They are not useless, of course. +1 energy is a good race bonus... but the lack of events featuring them is really sad

I know slugs have few events too, and humans probably only have the discussion one, in empty sector :'( they could get some cool things too

(for humans, I think I would change some regular choices to blue ones needing a human. dunnu which ones, but I think finding some shouldn't be too hard)
I guess the reason why I lack zoltan events more is because they are more fragile, which make them "annoying", since they bring "few benefits" compared to the increased care needed to keep them alive and defend you ship when boarded.
Mantis are useful enough (well, maybe give them some spider-cutting skills

, and crystal are very special, so it looks ok for me if they keep few events, everyone probably already loves them anyway.
I dunno if "ghosts" have any, but I imagine some (like station with depleted O2 system exploration, or things like that) could give them more flavour.
In the same idea, I'd love to have more ship systems used in events (yeah, I know, I'm suggesting a lot :p).
I always boost my medbay to lvl2 quite early, mostly for the numerous events relying on it, and rarely skip sensors for too long, for the same reason.
But drones seem completely useless (well, CE buffed them a lot, but I wonder if it's enough), great shields don't help in asteroïd fields (events), and big weapons (or beam weapons) rarely seem worth beeing used to me.
Needless to say that teleporter is a must (usually my first purchase) : increases most crewed-ship encounter rewards and gives plenty of blue choices everywhere... this is way too great for me, and should be nerfed (when possible) for some other system's profit, like shields, drones... (or O2/doors, if you find anything with that).
The icing on the cake would be an artillery event xD